A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

Bone marrow produces:

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

A subluxation occurs when:

You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse on the side of the injury is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 15 minutes. You should:

Crepitus and false motion are:

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss.

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25′, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves:

The pectoral girdle consists of the:

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury?

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities.

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should:

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

Signs of late heatstroke include:

Geriatric patients are at a higher risk for heatstroke because:

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

A 48-year-old male was stung on the leg by a jellyfish while swimming in the ocean. He is conscious and alert, but complains of intense pain at the wound site. Specific treatment for this patient includes:

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia?

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider:

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are:

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

To assess a patient's general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

Heatstroke occurs when:

While drinking beer with his friends near a creek, a 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below:

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because:

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as:

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (–1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unconscious, pale, and apneic. After initiating artificial ventilations, you should:

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30′. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?